Finance Management Comparing the Sony and Panasonic...

Student: | Sidorov Nikita | Class: | Managing Operations and Finance | Assignment: | Financial Ratio Analysis of the Sony Corporation | Lecturer : | Bruce Gahir | Semester: | 1st Semester 2011 | Program: | MSc International Management | Due Date: | 19.01.2012 | Actual Submission Date: | 19.01.2012 | Evidence Produced (List separate items, e.g. 1 report, 2 CDs) | Location (Choose one) | 1.Report | 1. Uploaded to the Learning Center (Moodle) | 2. | 2. Submitted to reception | 3. | | 4. | Optional: I have also handed a hard copy to the lecturer according to his/her requestEmail submissions to the lecturer are not valid, and all extensions are submitted directly to administration. | Student†¦show more content†¦When looking at a specific company, the financial analyst will often focus on the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. In addition, one key area of financial analysis involves extrapolating the company s past performance into an estimate of the company s future performance (Friedlob, 2003). The role of the financial analysis in the company could hardly be overestimated. This type of monitoring the financial health of the company helps to predict furure problems, find out unprofitable parts of the business and could be the base to the future financial and strategic planning. Starting to analyse the companies mentioned above the entire logics and plan of the research will be determined. Each company within this research will be analized by profitability, liquidity ratios, investing prospects, etc. This will bring the whole picture of the company’s finances and we can easily compare the company with the key competitor and the entire industry to determine its strengths and weaknesses. In other words, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the company from the view point of its finances and discover their advantages and disadvantages. Sony Corporation Financial Analysis 1. Profitability 2.1 Gross Profit Margin GPM=Gross ProfitSales and Operating RevenueÃâ€"100 Sony | Panasonic | Year | 2010 | 2011 | Gross Profit | 20202 | 20594 | Sales and Oper. Rav. | 88331 | 88341 | | YearShow MoreRelatedInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 PagesThat’s the first half of this book. Once we’ve established a foundation for understanding economic moats, I’ll show you how to recognize moats that are eroding, the key role that industry structure plays in creating competitive advantage, and how management can create (and destroy) moats. A chapter of case studies follows that applies competitive analysis to some well-known companies. I’ll also give an overview of valuation, because even a wide-moat company will be a poor investment if you pay Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University Read MoreBranding in Clothing Industry22425 Words   |  90 PagesAbstract Brand is a powerful tool to attract more consumers to buy particular products. Some may even regarded it as equity as it can add values to the products. This study examines the factors which contribute to brand equity in the clothing industry, comparing the consumer behaviour between the British and Chinese respondents based on the four respects of brand equity, namely brand awareness, perceived quality, brand loyalty and brand association. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted to solicitRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesNIBCO’s â€Å"Big Bang†: An SAP Implementation CASE STUDY III-6 BAT Taiwan: Implementing SAP for a Strategic Transition CASE STUDY III-7 A Troubled Project at Modern Materials, Inc. CASE STUDY III-8 Purchasing and Implementing a Student Management System at Jefferson County School System CASE STUDY IV-1 The Clarion School for Boys, Inc.– Milwaukee Division: Making Information Systems Investments CASE STUDY IV-2 FastTrack IT Integration for the Sallie Mae Merger CASE STUDY

Nursing for Idiosyncratic Experience - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing for Idiosyncratic Experience. Answer: Introduction: During clinical practice, nurses are involved in sensitive communication with patients to understand their concern as well as inform patients about specific treatment process. Effective communication process is dependent on the nurses ability to understand patients idiosyncratic experience of illness and to transmit meaningful message to patients to promote their well-being (Chang Daly, 2015). The main purpose of communication with patients is to establish a therapeutic relationship with patient and reduce the vulnerabilities of patients by meeting their clinical needs and providing appropriate health support. As nurses are in constant contact with different group of patients, communication event analysis is important for them to explore the event and analyze how far nursing practice is delivered according to professional standards, clinical organization policies and core communication theories (Kourkouta and Papathanasiou 2014, p.65). With this purpose, this report gives a descript ion about a communication event related to drug administration to an elderly patient and explain how the event took place. Finally, the evaluation of the communication event helps to determine whether professional and the communication process meets organization objective in care or not. The reflection on lesions learnt through the event describes how this experienced enhances professional practice. Description of the Communication Event: During my nursing placement, I had been allocated to the aged care facility of Estia Health. The Estia Health is a residential care home where high quality and individualized care is given to elderly people. It is renowned for quality-aged care across Australia by means of innovative quality care and contribution of specialized health care team (Estia Health - The Leading Aged Care Provider in Australia, 2017).I had been involved in several clinical responsibilities at the organization such as assessing vital signs and blood glucose level of patients, managing oral medications and supporting them in activities of daily living (ADLs). I worked with interprofessional team of physiotherapist, podiatrist, registered and enrolled nurse and physicians enrolled in care of elderly. I had been allocated to care of elderly patients with different illness and disabilities. However, for this communication event analysis, I would like to describe about an elderly patients who was struggling with dementia. For confidentiality reason, I will not disclose the actual name of patient and henceforth refer her as Mrs. A. She was admitted to Estia Health due to her failing memory and increase in disorientation due to dementia. Due to lack of her ability to understand risk, she was vulnerable to get lost and talk with complete strangers. As she lived alone, admitting her to the aged care facility was necessary. I will explain in detail my duties while being assigned for the care of Mrs. A and how I communicated with her during the care process. When Mrs. A arrived at the clinic, she was very suscpicious and frightened. She could not understand the reason for her admission to the hospital and being shifted from the comforts of her home. As a nurse assigned to care of her, the clinician explained me about my duty of symptom assessment of patient, managing her behavior, validating feelings, providing medication and assistance in ADLs. During the my first contact with Mrs. A, I greeted her warmly and told her Welcome to Estia Health mam, I am glad to tell you that I have been assigned to care for you during your stay at this facility. I hope you have a positive experience under my care. Next, I told her my name and my duty while caring for her. During the initial contact with patient, I noticed that she hardly responded to my greetings and looked at me with raised eyes. This gave me the indication that Mrs. A was doubtful and lacked clarity about everything. However, I kept my patience and preferred to give her time so that sh e does not get angry. This is because feelings of frustration and distress are common in people with dementia due to symptoms of memory loss, poor comprehension and word finding difficulties (Turner et al., 2017, pp. 66-76). The care of patient with dementia is a complex process and my goal of interaction with Mrs. A the next day was to validate her feelings and understand her symptoms of disorientation (Finnema et al., 2017). I greeted her and asked her did she liked the dinner that was serve last night. She was again struggling to recall what she ate and finally said Dont know. Instead of exposing the weakness of Mrs. A in memory recall, I said her Nevermind, you had oatmeal and chicken soup last night. Secondly, throughout my contact with Mrs. A, I emphasized more on non-verbal communication than verbal communication strategy. This is because the patient was not expressing much. Hence, I relied on body posture, gesture, facial expression, eye-contact and touch with Mrs. A to facilitate a two-way process of engagement (Little et al., 2015). After two or three days, Mrs. A became more comfortable with me as I was constantly responding to her physical discomfort, hunger, thirst and toileting needs. This indicates that behavioral symptoms of restlessness and agitation are an expression of unmet needs of patients and patient-centered approach helps to address these needs (Brooker Latham, 2015). It tried to address her agitation by means of small conversation and made sure she did not felt humiliated while attending to her toileting and ADLs need. Before carrying out any new medical procedure, I made sure to take consent from her and explain her the rational for it. However, the medicine related activities was the most complex part of this communication event due to the failing memory of Mrs. A. Analysis of the Communication Event: Nurses in health care setting have the responsibility of addressing the biopsychosocial and spiritual needs of patient. This is dependent not just on clinical and technical knowledge but also on interpersonal communication skills. Good communication skill is vital for the engagement with patient and building a therapeutic relationship. Hence, a two-way process is necessary in communication so that patients convey their concerns and nurses adequately respond to them to promote their recovery and satisfaction with care. Effective communication is also dependent on understanding of patient and the experiences they face in illness (Riley, 2015). In the communication event of dementia patient, I was able to establish therapeutic relationship with patient because I was aware about the feelings and experiences faced by patient due to dementia. As dementia is associated with declining memory, mental ability, concentration and perception, I took care not to expose this weakness in patient. In stead, I used patient-centered approach to respond to her non-verbal cues. For example, when she showed signs of confusion and fear, I used touch gesture to give her comfort. Secondly, to avoid irritation in patient, I made sure to inform her of any activities before hand. This is because dementia patients tend to get disturbed by out of pattern changes. Assessment of pain in patients with dementia is also a challenging task and understanding of the neurobiology of pain experience and expression important (Hadjistavropoulos et al., 2014). The identification of non-verbal cues like facial expressions of Mrs. A. helped me to respond to her pain issues. While working in a clinical facility, it is also necessary to comply with communication policies and procedures of the health care organization. As Estia Health focused on providing a home like environment to elderly patient, their communication policies focused on providing specialized care to individual patient. Following the code of ethics of health care organization is also important during communication process such as respecting patient dignity during care, promoting safety and right of people, preventing conflict of interest and engaging in ethical consent process. Hence, I followed ethical means of communication by introducing myself to Mrs. A and explaining her about my duty for the day. Sharing information with patient is a means to develop mutual satisfaction of patients with care. Hence, initially Mrs. A was frightened to talk, however she became comfortable after shared information to her and engaged in honest conversation (Day, Levett-Jones Kenny 2015, pp. 520-521).Sec ondly, I took care not to humiliate Mrs. A by respecting her dignity while attending to her toileting needs and assistance with ADLs. Use of open-ended questions and familiar conversation with patient facilitated me in assessment and treatment process. Finally, recovery of patient was possible. Reflection on Impact of the Event in Nursing Practice From the experience of my clinical placement with dementia patient at Estia Health, I learnt many things about the complexities in such patients. Although I was aware of symptoms of dementia patient, however actual communication and treatment of dementia was a challenging task for me due to Mrs. As symptom of disorientation. Hence, my strategy was to implement patient-centered approach of communication so that I identify the concerns and feeling of Mrs. A which was leading to feelings of irritation in her. By this approach, I collected non-verbal cues of patients to understand the reason for her aggression and took care to respond to her needs accordingly. This approach helped Mrs. A to finally trust me and engage in favorable communication to enhance the delivery of care. However, this experience also exposed my weakness in medication related activities with such patient. It created stressful situation for me because of symptoms of forgetfulness and disorientation. I had to consult my senior nurse all the time regarding ways to monitor such patients. A research study by Smith et al., (2015, pp. 44-51) also showed that medication management activities in dementia patients lead to carer burden and stress. This create dilemma in care and adequate support from health professionals is required in such cases. I would like to work on this skill in the future to fulfill my professional responsibility and achieve desired clinical outcome. Reference Brooker, D., Latham, I. (2015).Person-centred dementia care: Making services better with the VIPS framework. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Chang, E., Daly, J. (2015).Transitions in nursing: Preparing for professional practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Day, J, Levett-Jones, T and Kenny, R 2015, Communicating and relating, in A Berman, SJ Snyder, B Kozier, GL Erb, T Levett-Jones, T Dwyer, M Hales, N Harvey, L Moxham, T Park, B Parker (eds), KozierErb's Fundamentals of Nursing, vol. 2, KozierErb's Fundamentals of Nursing Australian Edition, 3rdedn, Pearson Higher Education, Melbourne, Australia. Estia Health - The Leading Aged Care Provider in Australia. (2017).Estia Health. Retrieved 29 May 2017, from https://www.estiahealth.com.au/who-is-estia-health/about-us Finnema, E., van der Kooij, C., Dres, R. M., Wolter, L. (2017). Psychosocial Interventions. InDementia in Nursing Homes(pp. 29-53). Springer International Publishing. Hadjistavropoulos, T., Herr, K., Prkachin, K. M., Craig, K. D., Gibson, S. J., Lukas, A., Smith, J. H. (2014). Pain assessment in elderly adults with dementia.The Lancet Neurology,13(12), 1216-1227. Kourkouta, L. and Papathanasiou, I.V., 2014. Communication in nursing practice.Materia socio-medica,26(1), p.65. Little, P., White, P., Kelly, J., Everitt, H., Gashi, S., Bikker, A., Mercer, S. (2015). Verbal and non-verbal behaviour and patient perception of communication in primary care: an observational study.Br J Gen Pract,65(635), e357-e365. Riley, J. B. (2015).Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Smith, F., Grijseels, M. S., Ryan, P., Tobiansky, R. (2015). Assisting people with dementia with their medicines: experiences of family carers.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice,23(1), 44-51. Turner, A., Eccles, F. J., Elvish, R., Simpson, J., Keady, J. (2017). The experience of caring for patients with dementia within a general hospital setting: a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature.Aging mental health,21(1), 66-76.

What Is Music For Me Essays - Mase, Bart Marantz,

What Is Music For Me Why is Music important is to me Music is the third most important thing to me in life outside of god and my mom. Music keeps me balanced. Every since I was a baby music was played around me. Jazz was always played around me to soothe me. There would be times when I would be really hyper acting like I couldnt sleep, my mom would put on some jazz and I would be fine. A lot of times I can have a long chore and I say to my self how can I accomplish this, Knowing it will take me forever. So Ill put on some jazz music and in twenty-five minutes Im finished. A lot of times I can have a long tiring day and I want something that will soothe me. And jazz music does it every time. Every time I through on a tape within one minute I forget what I was made about or whats bothering me and I either fall asleep or I start my next chore and move on to something else I had planned on accomplishing (Carlos P.46). People ask me whats the big deal with me and music, and I tell them plain and simple. When I listen to music I let the song drown my problem. If the song has a positive message then I dont have a problem listening to it. I cant listen to a song thats talking about killing people especially after someone has just made me mad. Of-course in music there is a lot more than just the song that A listen to I listens to the beat. I will listen to instrumentals, but if there is a guy raping to swing music then that will totally change the way I think of rap. Im not saying that a person cant rap to swing music but if you listen to music for fifteen years with a similar beat or rhythm then when you hear it with something else even though its still music it just wont sound right. The reason I chose rap was because I had this disc Double Up by Mase. The chorus of the song said if you love me I love you if you have me Ill hate you if you ride for me I ride for you, but if you [emailprotected] me Ill [emailprotected] you(Mase) I truly believe in the golden rule. I also believe in helping others, and I totally believe that in some ways music helps us. For instance, when youre going throw trials and tribulations you dont want someone telling that you cant make it, or some music playing that just rubs your problems in your face. You want some soothing music that will at least bring some balance back into your life. Every one was Lucas 2 born to be free and music is a style of expression. You can either express the way you feel or and get out of that trap or you can just drown in your problems playing sorry blues. All my life I worked with music and I realize that music is a difficult but beautiful thing that people should take more time to appreciate. And in life theirs nothing I can relate to more than music. Some doctors and lawyers cant help me but music can. Bibliography Carls,Avery. What music means to me.Vibe.2000 Mase,Sean. The vibes I get from music.Source.1999 Music Essays

The Killer Diabetes Mallitus Essays

The Killer Diabetes Mallitus Essays The Killer Diabetes Mallitus Paper The Killer Diabetes Mallitus Paper Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious health problems facing the Native American Indians today. The disease is very common in many tribes cross the United States. Diabetes plagues our Navajo people and will continue to be an epidemic disease until each of us takes action. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that occurs when the body is not able to use sugar. The body needs sugar for growth and energy for daily activities. It gets sugar when it changes food into glucose (a form of sugar). A hormone called insulin is needed for the glucose to be taken up and used by the body for energy. In a non-diabetic person insulin is secreted in response to increases in blood glucose levels. When the blood glucose increases, insulin is producing lower blood glucose. So the body keeps the blood glucose at normal levels. Many people with diabetes do not produce enough insulin and must take it by injection. Because insulin is a protein it would be digested if taken orally. When a person is diagnosed with diabetes, which means the body cannot make use of the glucose in the blood for energy because either the pancreas is not able to make enough insulin or the insulin that is available is not effective. The beta cells in areas of the pancreas usually make insulin. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent (Type 1), noninsulin-dependent (Type 2), and gestational diabetes (occurs during pregnancy). In insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), the pancreas makes little or no insulin because the insulin-producing beta cells have been destroyed. This type appears most commonly in younger people under the age of 30. Treatment consists of daily insulin injections or use of an insulin pump, a planned diet and regular exercise, and daily self-monitoring of blood glucose. Type1 diabetes is relatively rare in Native American Indians. Many cases of Type1 diabetes are seen in people who have both American Indian and Caucasian heritage. In noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), the pancreas makes some insulin, sometimes too much. The insulin, however, is not effective. NIDDM is controlled by diet and exercise. Sometimes oral drugs that lower blood glucose levels or insulin injections are needed. This type of diabetes usually develops gradually, most often in people over 40 years of age. NIDDM accounts for 90 to 95 percent of diabetes. About 9 percent of American Indians and Alaska Natives have been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. On an average, they are 2. 8 times as likely to have diagnosed diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of a similar age. Data from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey showed that 22. 9 percent of Navajo adults age 20 and older had diabetes, but another 7 percent were found to have undiagnosed diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is becoming increasingly common among the youth. Researchers found out that 5,274 Pima Indian children from 1967 to 1996 have type 2 diabetes. In girls age 10 to 14 have increased form 0. 72 percent to 2. 88 percent in eight years. In 1999, 70,000 Natives Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes. Gestational diabetes develops only during pregnancy. Many changes take place in a womans body during pregnancy. Care of the pregnant woman with diabetes requires a careful balance of the mothers blood sugars and the nutritional needs of the fetus during the nine months of pregnancy. This kind of diabetes usually disappears after delivery. Gestational diabetes, in blood glucose levels that are above normal during pregnancy, occurs about 2 to 5 percent in Native American woman. Prenatal problems such as macrosomia (large body size) and neonatal hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) are higher in babies born to women with gestational diabetes. Even though blood glucose levels return to normal after childbirth, an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes in the future while pregnant can occur again. Studies show that many women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes later on in life.  · 14. 5 percent of pregnancies in Zuni Indians  · 3. 4 percent of deliveries in Navajo Indians  · 5. 8 percent of deliveries in Yupik Eskimos From 1984 to 1986, diabetes was the sixth leading cause of death among the American Indians. Because mortality rates are based on the underlying cause of death on a death certificates, the impact of diabetes on mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives has increased. Diabetes contributes to several of the leading causes of death in American Indians: heath disease, cerebrovascluar disease, pneumonia, and influenza. In addition, one study found that American Indian heritage was underreported on death certificates by 65 percent. Between 1986 and 1988, the mortality rate for diabetes in American Indians was 4. 3 times the rate in non-Hispanic whites. Age and sex death rate studies of the Pima Indians from 1975 to 1984 was nearly twelve times greater than the mortality rate in 1980 for all races in the United States. When you are diagnosed with diabetes, there are different side effect to be aware of. Diabetes included having to urinate often, losing weight, getting very thirsty, and being hungry all the time. Other signs are blurred vision, itching, and slow healing of sores. People with untreated or undiagnosed diabetes are thirsty and have to urinate often because glucose builds to a high level in the bloodstream and the kidneys are working hard to flush out the extra amount. People with untreated diabetes often get hungry and tired because the body is not able to use food the way it should. In insulin-dependent diabetes, if the level of insulin is too low for a long period of time, the body begins to break down its stores of fat for energy. This causes the body to release acids (ketones) into the blood. The result is called ketoacidosis, a severe condition that may put a person into a coma if not treated right away. The causes of diabetes are not known. Scientists think that insulin- dependent diabetes may be more than one disease and may have many causes. They are looking at hereditary (whether or not the person has parents or other family members with the disease) and at factors both inside and outside the body, including viruses. In conclusions, I think that having diabetes is a very serious disease that our own flesh and blood have to face everyday. I have some relatives who are diabetic. My grandfather once told me being diabetic isnt fun at all because you have to inject insulin into your body everyday. Every time I visit him, he looks thinner and thinner. I think its because of his diet. He cant just pick out something from the refrigerator and eat it, but has to watch what he eats. Because of his diabetes, he cant enjoy life as much as he use too. For that reason his loosing interested in everything. I know its hard for him sometimes but as a grandchild, I have to encourage him to keep perusing his dreams and to be thankful that his family is standing right beside him.

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Essay

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Surveyor's Role - Essay Example The quantity surveying surfaced in England as early as the eighteenth century. Cartlidge (2002) describes in his book those beginning years, where the quantity surveyor acted for the master tradesmen, measuring the work after completion and usually submitting final accounts to the building owner.As a consequence of these activities, it more and more became the habit of building owners to have work performed under contract and to call for bids before any work was undertaken. A process, therefore, developed whereby specifications and drawings were given out to selected master builders, who would then present proposals for the total price rather than a group of prices from master tradesmen. Builders soon realized that it would be more economical for them as a group to employ one surveyor to measure quantities for all of them. They could thus split the cost of the surveyor, acquire a similar bill of quantities which made sure that they would all be tendering on the same basis. Later on, the building owner realized that it would be to his own advantage to hire and pay the fees of the quantity surveyor (Willis and Ashworth, 1994). The quantity surveyor thus transformed to a consultant. The traditional function of the quantity surveyor has been defined by Cartlidge (2002) as a measure and value arrangement. Still practiced by some, the old, conventional role prepares estimated ballpark figures of the initial costs of the building using a single price method of valuation. The design would only then be developed by the architect when the cost was suitable for the client. Afterward, bills of quantities for tendering purposes would be created, progress payments would be quantified, and a final account would be prepared on the basis of the tendered documentation. Although the process was essential and vital, it was obviously also mainly reactive. In the 1960s, cost planning services were included in the selection of tasks carried out by the quantity surveyor, in order to avoid tenders being received that were over the budget (Egan, 1998).

The English Heritage New Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The English Heritage New Model - Essay Example There is a risk of losing the fabric of historic assets if no measures are taken. In an effort to introduce a long-term sustainability program, the English Heritage has developed a business plan that will be implemented to address the emerging issues. The new model has the capacity to address some of the problems affecting the national heritage collection. However, a close analysis of the business plan reveals that it has some weaknesses that require immediate addressing if it is to be successful.   The government and the English Heritage have focused on the benefits associated with the new business plan, especially the aspect of reversing the current condition of the national heritage collection. The government has committed itself to allocate a total sum of  £80 million. Moreover, the English Heritage will rely on third parties who will contribute towards the conservation of the national heritage collection. However, a close analysis reveals that the government support of providing  £80 million will not be sufficient to support the business plan. Notably, the viability of the business plan determines whether the English Heritage will register remarkable outcomes.1 Any successful business plan must have realistic financial planning. If the budget allocation and financial planning are inappropriate or insufficient, the viability of any business plan is limited. Evidently, the  £80 million set aside by the government do not surface to address all the conservation costs that are likely to result effectively. There is a possibility that the project may fail because of insufficient funds. Although the government believes that the business plan is self-sufficient and realistic, there is a need for concern because financing the projects sufficiently will determine the expected outcomes.

The game of volleyball Essay Example for Free

The game of volleyball Essay The object of the game of Volleyball is for each team to send the ball regularly over the net to ground it on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the ball from being grounded on its own court. Basic Outline of play: The player on the back right position serves the ball by hitting it over the net to the opponent’s court. A team is not allowed to hit the ball three times in attempt to return the ball to the opponent’s court. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice consecutively, unless attempting to block the ball. The rally continues until the ball hits the ground/floor, goes out of bounds or a team fails to return it to the opponent’s court or commits a fault. Scoring Systems: The best of three or five games will win the match. The team that scores 25 points first with a minimum two-point advantage wins a game. If there is a deciding game, that game will be won by the team that first scores 15 points with a minimum two-point advantage. Side out Scoring: Side out scoring is another way to score a Volleyball match. The team serving is the only team that can score a point, except in the deciding game when rally-point scoring system is used. When the receiving team wins a rally, they gain the right to serve but do not gain a point and its players rotate one position clockwise. Rotation ensures that players play at both the net and the back zone of the court. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage. Further, they win the match by winning the best of three or five games. In the event of a 16-16 tie, the team that scores the 17th point wins a non-deciding game with only a one-point advantage. In a deciding game there is not point cap. The Basic Rules and Regulations of Volleyball: ========================================== ==== The Serve ( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining line (end line)(refer to court diagram) until after contact. ( B ) Ball may be served underhand or overhand. ( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. ( D ) Served ball must clear the net without touching the net. Failure results in a side out. ( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser. ( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump (dig) only. No setting or attacking a serve. A. a server must serve from behind the restraining line until after contact. B. The ball may be served underhanded or overhanded. C. The ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. D. Served ball must clear the net without touching the net. Failure results in a side out. E. A volley determines first game serve, the previous game loser shall serve each subsequent game. F. The serve must be returned by a bump only. No setting or attacking a serve. Rotation. ( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve. ( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner. ( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side. Playing the Game (Volley) - ( A ) Maximum of three hits per side. ( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ). ( C ) Ball may be played off the net except on serve. ( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good. ( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest. ( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play. ( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve. ( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. (After the serve only). Basic Violations - ( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve. ( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully. ( C ) Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ). ( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play. ( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions: 1 When executing a follow-through. 2 When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned (the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play. ( F ) Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player). ( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order. ( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line (refer to court diagram) while in a back row position. The Court Playing Area Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (296 x 59). Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (910) back from the center line. Lines on the court are 5cm (2 wide). Net Height Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, outdoor is 2. 43 meters or 711-5/8. Net height for women, 74-1/8. The height of the net shall be 8. Ball The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4. 5 and 6. 0 pounds Observation and Analysis For an analysis of the volleyball sport, we observed a 2 minute clip of a volleyball game between the red and green team. The 2 minute period revolved around the service of a player from the red team (6 serves were successfully executed before the opposition went for the kill which resulted in a side out). I observed each serve and detailed the plays of each team (red and green) for that particular serve.