A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Essay

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Surveyor's Role - Essay Example The quantity surveying surfaced in England as early as the eighteenth century. Cartlidge (2002) describes in his book those beginning years, where the quantity surveyor acted for the master tradesmen, measuring the work after completion and usually submitting final accounts to the building owner.As a consequence of these activities, it more and more became the habit of building owners to have work performed under contract and to call for bids before any work was undertaken. A process, therefore, developed whereby specifications and drawings were given out to selected master builders, who would then present proposals for the total price rather than a group of prices from master tradesmen. Builders soon realized that it would be more economical for them as a group to employ one surveyor to measure quantities for all of them. They could thus split the cost of the surveyor, acquire a similar bill of quantities which made sure that they would all be tendering on the same basis. Later on, the building owner realized that it would be to his own advantage to hire and pay the fees of the quantity surveyor (Willis and Ashworth, 1994). The quantity surveyor thus transformed to a consultant. The traditional function of the quantity surveyor has been defined by Cartlidge (2002) as a measure and value arrangement. Still practiced by some, the old, conventional role prepares estimated ballpark figures of the initial costs of the building using a single price method of valuation. The design would only then be developed by the architect when the cost was suitable for the client. Afterward, bills of quantities for tendering purposes would be created, progress payments would be quantified, and a final account would be prepared on the basis of the tendered documentation. Although the process was essential and vital, it was obviously also mainly reactive. In the 1960s, cost planning services were included in the selection of tasks carried out by the quantity surveyor, in order to avoid tenders being received that were over the budget (Egan, 1998).

The English Heritage New Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The English Heritage New Model - Essay Example There is a risk of losing the fabric of historic assets if no measures are taken. In an effort to introduce a long-term sustainability program, the English Heritage has developed a business plan that will be implemented to address the emerging issues. The new model has the capacity to address some of the problems affecting the national heritage collection. However, a close analysis of the business plan reveals that it has some weaknesses that require immediate addressing if it is to be successful.   The government and the English Heritage have focused on the benefits associated with the new business plan, especially the aspect of reversing the current condition of the national heritage collection. The government has committed itself to allocate a total sum of  £80 million. Moreover, the English Heritage will rely on third parties who will contribute towards the conservation of the national heritage collection. However, a close analysis reveals that the government support of providing  £80 million will not be sufficient to support the business plan. Notably, the viability of the business plan determines whether the English Heritage will register remarkable outcomes.1 Any successful business plan must have realistic financial planning. If the budget allocation and financial planning are inappropriate or insufficient, the viability of any business plan is limited. Evidently, the  £80 million set aside by the government do not surface to address all the conservation costs that are likely to result effectively. There is a possibility that the project may fail because of insufficient funds. Although the government believes that the business plan is self-sufficient and realistic, there is a need for concern because financing the projects sufficiently will determine the expected outcomes.

The game of volleyball Essay Example for Free

The game of volleyball Essay The object of the game of Volleyball is for each team to send the ball regularly over the net to ground it on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the ball from being grounded on its own court. Basic Outline of play: The player on the back right position serves the ball by hitting it over the net to the opponent’s court. A team is not allowed to hit the ball three times in attempt to return the ball to the opponent’s court. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice consecutively, unless attempting to block the ball. The rally continues until the ball hits the ground/floor, goes out of bounds or a team fails to return it to the opponent’s court or commits a fault. Scoring Systems: The best of three or five games will win the match. The team that scores 25 points first with a minimum two-point advantage wins a game. If there is a deciding game, that game will be won by the team that first scores 15 points with a minimum two-point advantage. Side out Scoring: Side out scoring is another way to score a Volleyball match. The team serving is the only team that can score a point, except in the deciding game when rally-point scoring system is used. When the receiving team wins a rally, they gain the right to serve but do not gain a point and its players rotate one position clockwise. Rotation ensures that players play at both the net and the back zone of the court. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage. Further, they win the match by winning the best of three or five games. In the event of a 16-16 tie, the team that scores the 17th point wins a non-deciding game with only a one-point advantage. In a deciding game there is not point cap. The Basic Rules and Regulations of Volleyball: ========================================== ==== The Serve ( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining line (end line)(refer to court diagram) until after contact. ( B ) Ball may be served underhand or overhand. ( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. ( D ) Served ball must clear the net without touching the net. Failure results in a side out. ( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser. ( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump (dig) only. No setting or attacking a serve. A. a server must serve from behind the restraining line until after contact. B. The ball may be served underhanded or overhanded. C. The ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. D. Served ball must clear the net without touching the net. Failure results in a side out. E. A volley determines first game serve, the previous game loser shall serve each subsequent game. F. The serve must be returned by a bump only. No setting or attacking a serve. Rotation. ( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve. ( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner. ( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side. Playing the Game (Volley) - ( A ) Maximum of three hits per side. ( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ). ( C ) Ball may be played off the net except on serve. ( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good. ( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest. ( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play. ( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve. ( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. (After the serve only). Basic Violations - ( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve. ( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully. ( C ) Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ). ( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play. ( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions: 1 When executing a follow-through. 2 When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned (the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play. ( F ) Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player). ( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order. ( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line (refer to court diagram) while in a back row position. The Court Playing Area Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (296 x 59). Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (910) back from the center line. Lines on the court are 5cm (2 wide). Net Height Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, outdoor is 2. 43 meters or 711-5/8. Net height for women, 74-1/8. The height of the net shall be 8. Ball The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4. 5 and 6. 0 pounds Observation and Analysis For an analysis of the volleyball sport, we observed a 2 minute clip of a volleyball game between the red and green team. The 2 minute period revolved around the service of a player from the red team (6 serves were successfully executed before the opposition went for the kill which resulted in a side out). I observed each serve and detailed the plays of each team (red and green) for that particular serve.

Irish Novels Essay -- Comparative Literature

."..for we have rights drawn from the soil and sky; the use, the pace, the patient years of labour, ... this is our country also, nowhere else; and we shall not be outcast on the world." John Hewitt, The Colony For many years the Big House in Ireland was very important. In an agrarian society, the estate system formed a backdrop for the economy and culture of the island. The Anglo-Irish Big House is a historical structure that has been employed for various purposes in the literature of a variety of Irish authors. The Big House as a symbol of wealth and social status in Ireland is associated pre-eminently with the Anglo-Irish. The Big Houses of Ireland are very important to gain any understanding of the political, economic and social developments in Ireland between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Some historical as well as literary interpretations are very controversial - because of the controversial role of the Anglo-Irish community in Ireland. In real life an Anglo-Irish Big House was the home of and represented the wealth and power of the Anglo-Irish community and their supreme authority over the local community. Anglo-Irish "big house" dwellers were the personification of the ch asm between the native Catholic Irish people and their colonizers, the Protestant Englishmen. The "big house" novel is not purely Anglo-Irish concept. Ireland has a long history - Celtic and Gaelic tribes lived in the island already centuries before the English or other occupants came. The same happened in many places in the world - America, Canada, Africa and even in the Baltic States. Conquerors came, saw and took the land and power. Occupants seem to adopt a similiar pattern of behaviour everywhere. When they come, they ... ...th an Introduction by Kathryn J. Kilpatrick. New York: Penguin, 1993 Graham, Colin.,,History, Gender amd the Colonial Moment: Castle Rackrent," in Irish Studies Review (No. 14: 1996, spring) Johnston, Jennifer. How many Miles to Babylon? London: Penguin Books, 1988 Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland: The Literature of the Modern Nation. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1995 Mcmanus, Karen.,,Prodding Republicanism," in Fortnight (1995, April): 36-37. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lawless/edgeworth/edgeworth.htm http://www.local.ie/literature/ http://www.irishwriters-online.com Irish Novels Essay -- Comparative Literature ."..for we have rights drawn from the soil and sky; the use, the pace, the patient years of labour, ... this is our country also, nowhere else; and we shall not be outcast on the world." John Hewitt, The Colony For many years the Big House in Ireland was very important. In an agrarian society, the estate system formed a backdrop for the economy and culture of the island. The Anglo-Irish Big House is a historical structure that has been employed for various purposes in the literature of a variety of Irish authors. The Big House as a symbol of wealth and social status in Ireland is associated pre-eminently with the Anglo-Irish. The Big Houses of Ireland are very important to gain any understanding of the political, economic and social developments in Ireland between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Some historical as well as literary interpretations are very controversial - because of the controversial role of the Anglo-Irish community in Ireland. In real life an Anglo-Irish Big House was the home of and represented the wealth and power of the Anglo-Irish community and their supreme authority over the local community. Anglo-Irish "big house" dwellers were the personification of the ch asm between the native Catholic Irish people and their colonizers, the Protestant Englishmen. The "big house" novel is not purely Anglo-Irish concept. Ireland has a long history - Celtic and Gaelic tribes lived in the island already centuries before the English or other occupants came. The same happened in many places in the world - America, Canada, Africa and even in the Baltic States. Conquerors came, saw and took the land and power. Occupants seem to adopt a similiar pattern of behaviour everywhere. When they come, they ... ...th an Introduction by Kathryn J. Kilpatrick. New York: Penguin, 1993 Graham, Colin.,,History, Gender amd the Colonial Moment: Castle Rackrent," in Irish Studies Review (No. 14: 1996, spring) Johnston, Jennifer. How many Miles to Babylon? London: Penguin Books, 1988 Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland: The Literature of the Modern Nation. London: Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1995 Mcmanus, Karen.,,Prodding Republicanism," in Fortnight (1995, April): 36-37. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lawless/edgeworth/edgeworth.htm http://www.local.ie/literature/ http://www.irishwriters-online.com

Letter To Kenya Airways Papa Nestor And Mama Marie

Congo believe you would not be being socially responsible in any sense, but would be complicit in any harm that would come to them. Papa Nester Will be 70 years of age in November 2011 and Mama Marie is 63 years old. Their immediate family here in the UK fear for their lives if they are returned to DRY. The Home Office Policy states that it is the decision of the carrier as to whether they carry people who are being forcibly removed. In view of this I urge you not to allow Papa Nester and Mama Marie to embark upon the flight QUOI on Kenya Airways todayMonday the 11th of April 201 1 at 20:00 hrs. Since 2003 Papa Nester and Mama Marie have been living in the UK and have a loving and sustained relationship with their son and their daughter, their respective families, their 10 grandchildren and one great grandchild born on 29/03/11 whom they may never see if returned to the DRY Congo. Having both fled the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRY) because of the persecution that Papa Nester suff ered due to his participation in political activities as an active member Of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (SIDES) they sought and have been refused refuge here in the UK.Papa Nester has also participated in various Congolese Resistance groups in the K, such as Prepare (Alliance des Patriot's pour la Reformation du Conch), CRY (Congolese Resistance Council) with whom he has attended various demonstrations. If this information is known to the authorities then they fear for their life as there are often reprisals for such actions by the Government in the DRY.The fact that the DRY government could easily arrest and kill members of UDP, Prepare or CRY means that Papa Nester and Mama Marie face clear and present danger if they are returned to DRY. If this planned removal goes ahead then their family seriously doubt that they will ever be able to see their parents and grandparents again as their health is not good and it is thought that following the recent death in February of this year of their beloved son in the DRY and the stress of this removal they may both deteriorate rapidly.Since the untimely death of their son they have spent time in Slough with their daughter trying to recover from what is a difficult period in both their lives. To lose a parent is hard but for a parent to lose a child as a parent is often unbearable! Coupled with this is the fact that without the access they need to not only the support of their immediate family but also to the practical support they are offered by the health and care services here they will be unable to survive in the environment which currently exists within the DRY for older people.Having their parents sent to DRY is not something that their children want as both their son and daughter and their families are willing and ready to support them fully and take them into their homes and have them living with them without the need for recourse to public funds. We the undersigned now ask your company to act as a socially expansible organization and keep Papa Nester and Mama Marie safe in the UK within the loving bosom of her family.

Investment Banking Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 685 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Essay any type Tags: Banking Essay Did you like this example? Investment banking represents one of the most challenging career choices in the current marketplace. The level of remuneration is typically very high, but the expectations of banks with regards to their employees are equally high. In short, only exceptional candidates will even be considered for any given post. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment Banking Example For Free" essay for you Create order As Wise points out, investment banking is the typical training ground of the elite. While many want to enter, few are given the opportunity. It is not uncommon for any single position to receive hundreds of applicants and as a result the level of competition between candidates is fierce. The reason why investment banking is considered to be such a prestigious career choice is because investment banks play a critical role in the business world, facilitating important acquisitions and transactions in the marketplace. As Sumichrast shows, investment bankers are usually hired by companies to conduct capital market transactions, mergers and acquisitions consulting, and other corporate financial services. It is clear, therefore, that a career in investment banking is highly competitive and that the industry of investment banking is involved in conducting a broad range of financial services. Skills and experience As has been shown above, investment banking involves the management of broad set of financial services. As a result, the skill-set required for such a position must be expansive. Investment bankers must be able to work effectively under pressure and be able to consistently meet tight deadlines. Investment bankers must also possess exceptional analytical skills in order to be able to make decisions based upon the information available to them at any given time. The nature of investment banking is also such that they must be able to strike a balance between displaying leadership and teamwork. Investment bankers typically operate in small groups where teamwork is essential, but each individual must also be able to display clear leadership qualities. In terms of experience, Investment bankers are expected to be able to show exceptional educational attainment. Typically, a degree from Oxbridge will be considered as the minimum educational requirement. However, this does not suffic e on its own and aspiring graduates will have to have shown their desire to work in investment banking by completing an internship during their studies. As the publication Wetfeet stresses, doing an internship in investment banking is essential to breaking into the field in todays business environment. It is clear, therefore, that investment bankers require exceptional educational attainment as well relevant work experience in order to be able to qualify for a position. Strengths and Weaknesses Throughout my educational career I have produced work of the very highest standard. I have shown an ability to work to tight deadlines and have been able to produce work of high quality in a pressurised environment. I also feel that I have frequently displayed important leadership qualities in my extra-curricular activities. If I can identify one failing I would say that I am maybe too eager at times to lead from the front and therefore I could improve at working as part of a team. However, I am aware of this weakness and am currently improving greatly at expressing my observations in a positive manner in team environment. I have also acquired a good level of experience by completing a summer internship. This has shown me the importance of working quickly and efficiently in a pressurised workplace and this experience has helped to prepare for any role in investment banking. I therefore believe that I possess all of the necessary levels of skills and experience to be able to c onfidently begin my career in investment banking. Types of employers and finding job positions There are a wide range of different investment banks in the marketplace, each with their own particular corporate cultures. However, all banks are composed of exceptional individuals possessing a wide range of skills and experience. Vacancies can usually be found by recourse to company websites where any relevant full-time positions or internship opportunities are typically displayed. Bibliography 1. Sumichrast, M., 2004. Opportunities in financial careers. London; McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing 2. Wetfeet, 2008. Careers in Investment Banking 2008. London: Wetfeet Publishing 3. Wise, J., 2006. Investment Banking Insiders Guide. London: Lulu Press

Lessons Learned from Ovarian Cancer Survivor Stories

An ovarian cancer diagnosis may bring to mind grim statistics instead of optimistic ovarian cancer survivor stories. Why? The numbers can be discouraging. Each year, approximately 22,000 women are newly diagnosed with the disease. An estimated 14,000 die from ovarian cancer (OC) yearly. Every woman diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) knows at least one BC survivor she can look to with hope and questions. But ovarian cancer is diagnosed more infrequently and often at a later stage. OC patients are typically older, and the symptoms of ovarian cancer can be confused with any of a number of illnesses. In its earliest and most curable stage, there may not be any physical symptoms, pain or discomfort. For these reasons, you may not know an ovarian cancer survivor. Perhaps the only celebrity you may have heard of  with ovarian cancer was the comedian Gilda Radner, whose Gildas Club (now named the Cancer Support Community) provides a meeting place for those with cancer to build emotional and social support.   Their Survivor Stories SHARE (Self-Help for Women with Breast or Ovarian Cancer), was the first national hotline offering peer-to-peer support for women with ovarian cancer. The survivors staffing the hotline  share their stories of how they were diagnosed and how they fought back. Hotline callers often ask them for their own experiences, seizing each survivor story as a lifeline of hope and inspiration. The inspiration is profound. In one hotline training group, women from 40 to 70 revealed that theyd recovered from Stage 2, 3, and even Stage 4 ovarian cancer. They learned from each other that even if OC recurs, it can be successfully treated. Many new treatment options have been developed that long-term survivors didnt have available when they were diagnosed. Progress is being made for treatment and diagnosis. The rate of diagnosis has slowly fallen over the past two decades, according to the American Cancer Society. Making women aware that ovarian cancer exists and that they should seek out medical care if they experience any symptoms can help them get treatment earlier. The Ugly Stepsister Ovarian cancer has been called the ugly stepsister of female cancers because OC doesnt get the same kind of attention as breast cancer. The advantages of mammograms, the habit of monthly self-exams, the instant recognition of a pink ribbons meaning, and the widespread availability of support groups have been advanced by breast cancer awareness and advocacy. In comparison, ovarian cancer awareness and advocacy are still in their infancy. Groups like Gildas Club, SHARE, Ovarian Cancer Research Fund Alliance (OCRFA), the National Ovarian Cancer Coalition, and others are educating women about the disease. But the meaning of the teal-colored OC ribbon is still largely unknown. Ignoring Your Health Women know what to do when they feel a breast lump. But the uncertainty clouding the often vague symptoms of ovarian cancer makes it hard for women to take action. You may  brush things under the rug when youre not feeling well. Because women tend to the needs of others, they can become adept at ignoring our own. A woman who experiences tiredness, weight loss and loss of appetite can think these are just normal reactions to the stresses and pressures of her life. Not Simply in Your Head You sense when somethings wrong, even if you cant put your finger on it. The SHARE ovarian cancer hotline volunteers, hear from countless women who say that they had a nagging uneasiness over subtle changes that worsened over time. But because most of them are (or have been) caregivers, they are  afraid of being hypochondriacs. They are reluctant to take time away from others to focus on themselves. When you finally take the time to see a doctor but come away without answers, and are made to feel as if your dis-ease may simply be in your head, how many call it quits? Your Own Best Advocate I am alive today because I didnt let my first inconclusive visit to a doctor be my last. I saw a nurse practitioner, an OB-GYN, a surgeon, and a family practitioner before the necessary tests were ordered and an accurate diagnosis was made. Fortunately, my OC was caught at Stage 1 and the prognosis for full recovery after a hysterectomy and chemotherapy was very good. When it comes to ovarian cancer, you have to be your own best advocate. If youre reading this because you may have some of the symptoms, but youre afraid of an ovarian cancer diagnosis, dont let the fear stop you from seeking medical help. Like every other form of cancer, early detection is the key.